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    中国翻译协会是由全国与翻译工作相关的机关、企事业单位、社会团体及个人自愿结成的学术性、行业性非营利组织,是翻译领域唯一的全国性社会团体,由分布在中国内地各省、市、区的单位会员和个人会员组成下设社会科学、文学艺术、科学技术、军事科学、民族语文、外事、对外传播、翻译理论与翻译教学、翻译服务、本地化服务等专业委员会。翻译服务委员会接受国家有关部门委托,先后编制了三部国家标准并均已获得国家质量监督检验检疫总局和国家标准化管理委员会批准:《翻译服务规范 第1部分: 笔译》(GB/T19363.1-2003),《翻译服务译文质量要求》(GB/T19682-2005),《翻译服务规范 第2部分:口译》(GB/T19363.2-2006),及上述三部国家标准的英文版。
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林芝翻译公司专业项目团队真诚服务林芝地区、林芝县、工布江达县、米林县、墨脱县、波密县、察隅县、朗县
林芝翻译公司关键字:Transfer between industrial clusters, both inter-industry horizontal transfer - the transfer of industrial division of labor, there are inter-industry vertical transfer - the transfer of market share. Through the establishment of industrial clusters echelon model to analyze the inter-cluster models and information transfer between the transfer of industrial clusters in the direction.Keywords echelon model of industrial transfer of industrial clusters1 IntroductionCompetitiveness among industrial clusters are constantly changing, the formation of industrial clusters between the high-echelon shift to low-echelon division and by the low-tier to high tier industries. When the inter-cluster from the low-tier to high tier for the division of labor between the transfer, this is within the same market within the industry and between the horizontal transfer of industrial clusters; when the low tier to high tier competition for market share for the transfer, This is between the vertical intra-industry transfer of industrial clusters.2 Information echelon between the definition of industrial clustersAccording to ability level of the industry ladder-like distribution (see Figure 1). To facilitate visual analysis, the vertical axis, ignoring the echelon in this market the product under the requirements of the differences, assuming that the market demands of the industrial clusters are standardized products; for the horizontal axis, each echelon in the size of the market ignored the difference, assuming The cluster occupies the same proportion of market share. This paper present a qualitative analysis; on the transfer of industrial clusters between the quantitative analysis to confirm product differentiation and market size differences, the need for the vertical axis and horizontal axis of the distribution of weight in the discussion paper No, but left for further follow-up research.(1) vertical axis. According to cluster in the core competitiveness of the industry, distribution industry division of elements. Division of labor factors, including R & D, manufacturing, sales and so on. Echelon in the industry according to market share ratio, corresponding to the distribution of coordinate axes.(2) from the global information industry chain analysis, the following industry clusters echelon arrangement: ① the United States, Japan and Western Europe as the representative of the first tier, the core technology of its monopoly of the industry, leading the entire industry, technology and product development. Integrated circuits and software are known as the information industry, the "heart" and "brain." U.S. and Japan are integrated with the software industry leader, occupied the leading position in the information industry, dominated the global information industry; ② to South Korea and Taiwan as the representative of China's second tier for the industry to provide some critical technology and products. No one in this echelon independently owned industry in all areas of competitive advantage. But as a whole, its strengths are covering almost all the key areas and key products. For example, South Korea and Taiwan, China to improve its competitiveness, is to develop key components. India, Ireland and Israel in the production of software development has formed a unique competitive advantage. And the second tier by virtue of its ability to integrate industry
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